Privatization of health care sector in Turkey resulted in a remarkable increase in the number of private hospitals over the past decades. The health care system is financed by public funds to a large extent and public sector hospitals have the great majority of health care delivery. However, private hospitals’ contribution to the sector regarding the quality improvement and capacity increase is significant. Following the analysis of liberal health care policies in Turkey, this study aims to find out whether private hospitals perform better than public hospitals regarding key performance dimensions. The analysis of three different dimensions (efficiency, quality, and accessibility) highlights that one sector does not have an absolute comparative advantage over the other in all dimensions. While private hospitals provide better quality services (the gap between the sectors is diminishing), the health care at public hospitals is more accessible regarding the affordability and number of health care professionals. The evaluation of efficiency indicates different conclusions for each indicator. The paper finally recommends the government to shift its focus from capacity growth to quality improvement and to develop more advanced performance measurement strategies.