Abbreviation iii Foreword v Acknowledgements vii Background ix PART I FlJNDAMENTALS 1 CHAPTER 1 DEFINITIONS 3 European Commission 4 United States National Business Incubation Association (USNBIA) 4 The Science Park and Innovation Centre Expert Group (SPICE) 4 Azerbaijan ......... .. . . ...... . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . .. . . .............. ....... .............. ..... ............ ...... . . ...... .. ................. ........... ....... . . . ........ 4 Croatia 4 Czech Republic ... .. . ...... .. ..... ... . . .. . . .. . . . ........ .. ...... . ..... ...... ......... ................. .............. .... ........................ ... ....... . . ........ 5 Georgia .... . . . . . ..... . . . . ....... . . ... .... . . . . . . .. . ............ ...... . ............... ..... ........... ....... .... ......... . ............ . ............ ... . ....... . . .... ..... 5 Germany 5 Hungary 7 Italy 7 Kyrgyzstan 8 Latvia 8 Republic of Moldova 9 Poland 9 Russian Federation 9 Slovenia 9 Sweden 10 CHAPTER 2 GUIDING PRINCIPLES 10 Azerbaijan 12 Czech Republic 12 Finland 12 Georgia 12 Germany 12 Hungary 13 Italy 13 Latvia 14 Republic of Moldova 14 Poland 14 Russian Federation 14 Slovakia 14 Sweden 15 Turkey 15 Ukraine 15 CHAPTER 3 OBJECTIVES OF BUSINESS INCUBATION 16 SPICE Group 17 Azerbaijan 17 Bulgaria 17 Croatia 17 Czech Republic 18 Finland 18 Georgia 19 Gennany 19 Hungary 20 Jtaly 20 Kyrgyzstan 21 Latvia 21 Republic of Moldova 21 Poland 21 68 Russian Federation 22 Slovakia 22 Sweden 23 Ukraine 23 Uzbekistan 24 CHAPTER 4 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 26 Azerbaijan 26 Bulgaria 26 Croatia 27 Czech Republic 28 Finland 28 Georgia 29 Hungary 29 Italy 30 Kyrgyzstan 32 Latvia 32 Republic of Moldova 32 Poland 32 Russian Federation 33 Sweden 34 Turkey 34 Uzbekistan 34 ................................................................ ........................................................ ·······························. PART II CURRENT SITUATION 37 CHAPTER 5 SERVICES PROVIDED BY A BUSINESS INCUBATOR 39 SPICE Group 39 Bulgaria 40 Croatia 40 Czech Republic 41 Estonia 41 Finland 42 Georgia 42 Gennany 42 Hungary 43 Italy 43 Kyrgyzstan 45 Republic of Moldova 45 Poland 46 Russian Federation 46 Slovakia 47 Slovenia 47 Sweden 47 Uzbekistan 48 CHAPTER 6 FORMS OF BUSINESS INCUBATOR . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. · · · 49 Azerbaijan 49 Bulgaria 49 Croatia 49 Czech Republic 50 Georgia 50 Gennany 50 Hungary 51 Kyrgyzstan 51 Republic of Moldova 51 Russian Federation 51 ... ············· , . Sweden 51 69 CHAPTER 7 STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF BUSINESS INCUBATORS 52 SPICE Group 53 Azerbaijan 53 Croatia 53 Czech Republic 53 Georgia 53 Gennany 53 Hungary 54 Italy 54 Republic of Moldova 55 Poland 55 Russian Federation 56 Slovenia 56 Sweden 57 Turkey 58 Ukraine 58 CHAPTER 8 FINANCE 60 Bulgaria 60 Croatia 60 Czech Republic 60 Finland 61 Georgia 61 Gennany 61 Hungary . 61 Jtaly . 61 Kyrgyzstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 61 Republic of Moldova 62 Russian Federation 62 Sweden 62 Turkey 62 CHAPTER 9 CUSTOMERS 63 Bulgaria 63 Croatia 63 Czech Republic 63 Estonia 63 Finland 64 Gerınany 64 Hungary 64 Kyrgyzstan 65 Republic of Moldova 65 Russian Federation 65 Slovenia 65 Sweden · 65 CHAPTER 1O LEGAL STATUS AND REGULATORY LEGISLATION 66 Bulgaria 66 Croatia 66 Czech Republic 66 Georgia 66 Gennany 66 Hungary 67 Kyrgyzstan 67 Latvia 67 Republic of Moldova 67