Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; Chapter 1: The Enigma of€Money: If We€Understand Money, We€Will Understand Economy; 1.1 What Is the€"Economy"?; 1.2 Plural Visions of€"Market": Market as€Metaphor; 1.3 "Economy" Is a€Living Thing; 1.4 If We€Understand Money, We€Will Understand Economy; 1.5 The Enigma of€Money: A€"Thing" or an€"Event"?; Chapter 2: Is Money a€"Thing" or an€"Event"? Reconsidering Money and€Market; 2.1 Money and€Okane; The Okane Story; Anything Can Be€the€Material of€Money; Religious and€Psychological Functions of€Money; 2.2 What Is "Market"?: Modern Economics Neglects Money. No Money, No Market/Commodity Fictitious Markets in€Modern Economics: What Is a€"Concentrated" Market?; A Real Market: What Is a€"Distributed" Market?; Bilateral Transactions Are Basic in€a€Real "Distributed" Market; Hicks' Classification of€Markets: Flexprice and€Fixprice Markets; 2.3 How Distributed Markets Work: Stock Markets and€the€Electronic Bazaar in€the€Real State of€Affairs; How "Price" Is Determined; Market Price Fixing in€Stock Markets: Itayose and€Zaraba; The Stock Market as€a€Model of€General Equilibrium Theory; Electronic Markets Two Decades Ago. Face-to-Face Trades and€the€Market for€Lemons Money Turns a€Thing into€a€"Commodity" and€a€Place for€Trading "Commodities" into€a€"Market"; 2.4 The Principles of€Generating Money; Is Money the€Same as€Language?; Love and€Barter Have Something in€Common; When Money Comes into Existence; A Generative Model of€Money; Imitation of€Others' Wants Brings Money into Being; Diversity in€Money; Negative Possibilities with€Money; 2.5 Robinson Crusoe and€Stone Money on€Yap Island; The Story of€Robinson Crusoe Tells How Hard It Is to€Escape from€Money; "Economy" Without a€"Society." Stone Money on€Yap Island Anything Can Be€Money; Chapter 3: Money as€"The Self-Fulfillment of€an€Idea": The€Difference Between a€Bank of€Japan Note and€Bitcoin; 3.1 Why Talk About Money Leads Us into a€Circular Logic; Four Functions of€Money; The Differences Between Money and€Commodities; Money as€the€Emperor; Talk About Money Quickly Ends Up€in€a€Circular Logic; 3.2 Thinking About€Money Through€"The Emperor's New Clothes"; A Ten Thousand Yen Bill as€a€Self-Fulfilling Idea; Money and€the€Story of€"Emperor's New Clothes"; The Emperor Is Great, Even If He€Is Wearing Nothing. Access Gift and a Ten Thousand Yen Bill The Self-Fulfillment of Custom; The Self-Fulfillment of Expectations; Reality Is Strong When Built by Custom and Expectations; 3.3 Yenten as Pseudo-money; The Yenten Incident; Yenten as a Ponzi Scheme; Pseudo-Money by Means of a "Prepaid Payment Instrument"; Penny Auction; 3.4 What Does Bitcoin Tell Us?; Bitcoin: A Crypto-currency; Problems with Bitcoin; Bitcoin Spreads Out; Bitcoin and Free Software; Bitcoin Points to the Future: Denationalization of Money and Competing Currencies; 3.5 What Does the Informatization of Currency Mean?