Front Cover; Contents; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Abbreviations; Introduction; Small Entrepreneurs in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations; Observations of FCS Firms, Sectors, and Business Environments; Implications of Findings and Recommendations; Notes; Reference; Chapter 1 Overview of the Entrepreneur's Challenges in FCS; Overview; Figures; Figure 1.1 Universe of Private Enterprises in FCS Countries in Which Size of Shadow Economy Reaches 50 Percent of GDP; Notes; Reference; Chapter 2 Observations of FCS Firms, Sectors, and Business Environments; FCS Firm-Level Characteristics. Figure 2.1 Appetite for Risk and Willingness to Innovate in FCS, 2011Figure 2.2 Enterprise Capacity Utilization Lower in FCS Countries than in Non-FCS Countries; Tables; Table 2.1 Probability to Innovate in FCS Lower than in Non-FCS Countries; Figure 2.3 Willingness to Take Up Risk Less in FCS than in Non-FCS Countries; Figure 2.4 Introduction of New Products Hindered by Long Power Outages in ECA FCS; Figure 2.5 FCS Enterprises Start Smaller, Grow More Slowly, or Shrink over Time Compared to Non-FCS Enterprises; FCS Sector-Level Characteristics. Table 2.2 Total Formal Trade as a Percentage of GDP ("Openness") Notably Lower for FCS Countries than for Non-FCS CountriesFigure 2.6 Annual Export Revenue of FCS Firms in Sub-Saharan Africa Trade Primarily with Neighboring Countries; Boxes; Box 2.1 Trading in Niger; Figure 2.7 Conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa Result in Sudden Drops in Manufactures' Exports; Box 2.2 Challenge of Rebuilding a Sector: Carpet Weaving in Afghanistan; Figure 2.8 Mobile Telecommunications Thrive in Even the Most Difficult FCS Environments; FCS General Business Environment. Figure 2.9 Unpredictability in Private Markets and Public Governance Commonplace in FCS CountriesTable 2.3 Weak Regulatory Systems in FCS Countries; Figure 2.10 Rent-Seeking More Common in FCS Countries than in Non-FCS Countries; Figure 2.11 Biggest Obstacle to Business Environment by Fragility; Figure 2.12 Access to Formal Financial Services Appear More Limited in FCS Countries; Table 2.4 Temporary Disruptions in Sales in Sub-Saharan Africa due to Fragility; Figure 2.13 Why FCS Firms Should Not Apply for Loans. Figure 2.15 Longer or More Frequent Power/Water Shortages Common in FCS Countries (% of Firms that Experienced Power/Water Shortage the Past Year)Figure 2.14 Credit Transactions Less Common in FCS Countries than in Non-FCS Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa; Figure 2.16 Power Supply Lacking or Very Expensive in FCS Countries; Figure 2.17 Access to General Purpose Technology Worse in FCS than in Non-FCS Countries; Figure 2.18 FCS Enterprises in SSA and ECA Face High Losses due to Crime, Theft, and Disorder.