Table of Contents Table of Contents v About YASAD About the Author ix Preface Why Turkey? Turkish Software Industry l ICT and other software-related areas 1 Technological infrastnıcture 4 Research and development 5 Competitiveness 6 Small- and medium-size enterprises 7 Common problems besetting companies 8 Business culture 8 Exports 8 The Turkısh software sector 8 Software products 13 Domestic market 15 Competition in software l 5 Software investments 16 Open-source software 16 Software rental 17 Exports 17 Government and state policies 20 Education 28 Workforce 30 Doing Business with Turkey IT-related NGOs 31 Sectoral research activities 32 Sector data 32 Cooperation among actors 33 Alliances and networks 33 Quality 33 Financing • 34 Marketing 35 The European Union 36 A snapshot of the Turkish software sector 3 7 Turkish software strategy 39 Investing in Turkish software 4 t The Turkish Economy 43 Sources on the economy 44 Prospects 45 Structural transformation 49 Effect ofthe )ast global turbulence 51 Integration with Europe 53 Turkish progress toward convergence 53 Toward European Union membership (Copenhagen criteria) 53 Toward EMU participation (Maastricht criteria) 55 Jssues beyond standard requirements 56 European concerns 56 The Turkish perspective 57 Is the European Union the right address for Turkey? 58 Turkish Software Prospects 61 Bibliography 63.