Introduction -- 1.The Politician as Historian, Historians in Politics: On the Nutuk (Speech) of Mustafa Kemal Pasha -- 2.Young Turk Memoirs as a Historical Source: Kâzim Karabekir's Istiklâl Harbimiz -- 3.The Historiography of the Constitutional Revolution: Broad Consensus, Some Disagreement and a Missed Opportunity -- 4.The Rise and Fall of 'Modern' Turkey: Bernard Lewis's Emergence Fifty Years On -- Introduction -- 5.The Ottoman Empire 1850-1922: Unavoidable Failure? -- 6.The Ides of April: A Fundamentalist Uprising in Istanbul in 1909? -- 7.Sultan Mehmet V's Visit to Kosovo in June 1911 -- 8.Who Were the Young Turks? -- 9.The Young Turk Mindset -- 10.Atatürk as a Unionist -- 11.The Ottoman Legacy of the Kemalist Republic -- Introduction -- 12.The Ottoman Conscription System in Theory and Practice, 1844-1918 -- 13.The Ottoman Soldier in World War I -- 14.The Ottoman Empire and the Armistice of Moudhros -- 15.Renewal and Silence: Post-war Unionist and Kemalist Rhetoric on the Armenian Genocide -- Introduction -- 16.Young Turks, Ottoman Muslims and Turkish Nationalists: Identity Politics 1908-38 -- 17.Were the Progressives Conservative? -- 18.Institution Building in the Kemalist Republic Compared with Pahlevi Iran: The People's Party -- 19.Touring Anatolia at the End of the Atatu ̈rk Era: Kemalist Turkey Observed by Western Visitors -- 20.Islam in the Service of the Caliphate and the Secular State -- 21.Turning Points and Missed Opportunities in the Modern History of Turkey: Where Could Things Have Gone Differently?.