Introduction -- The objectives and instruments of government policy and the structure of the economy in LDCs -- An approach to applied welfare economics -- Rural-urban prices in open economies -- The price scissors in open economies -- The Soviet industrialization debate and collectivization -- Income distribution and alternative organizational forms within the rural sector -- Taxes and subsidies on different goods in the rural sector -- The impact of urban wage and employment determination on taxation policies -- Some aspects of the wage-productivity hypothesis that are relevant for taxation analysis -- Taxes and subsidies on different goods in the urban sector -- Tax policy in the presence of migration and urban unemployment -- Taxation in the urban sector : some aspects of the underlying model -- The social cost of labour -- Concluding remarks.