Introduction and overview -- The mercantilist school -- The physiocratic school -- The classical school-forerunners -- The classical school-Adam Smith -- The classical school-Thomas Robert Malthus -- The classical school-David Ricardo -- The classical school-Bentham, Say, Senior and Mill -- The rise of socialist thought -- Marxian socialism -- The German historical school -- The marginalist school-Forerunners -- The marginalist school-Jevons, Menger, von Wieser, and von Böhm-Bawerk -- The marginalist school-Edgeworth and Clark -- The neoclassical school-Alfred Marshall -- The neoclassical school-monetary economics -- The neoclassical school-the departure from pure competition -- Mathematical economics -- The institutionalist school -- Welfare economics -- The Keynesian school-John Maynard Keynes -- The Keynesian school-developments since Keynes -- Theories of economic growth and development -- The Chicago school-the new classicism -- Concluding thoughts.