Cover; Half-Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Original Title Page; Original Copyright Page; Preface; Table of Contents; List of Figures; 1 What is Organisational Economics?; Organisations Viewed Economically; Scope of Organisational Economics; 2 Markets, Bureaucracies, Gifts; Classifying Allocation Systems; Power in Big Business and Markets; Exchange and Self-Interest in Politics; Redistribution and Grants: Coercion or Altruism?; Conclusions; Note on Further Reading; 3 Economics and Decision Making; Rationality; Stipulation of Goals; Evaluation of Costs and Benefits; Optimising. The Incrementalist Attack and Managerial RealitiesNote on Further Reading; 4 Marginalism; Definitions of Financial Costs; Marginalism from the Ground Up; The Equimarginal Theory; Elemental Problems; Marginalism and Business Pricing; Business and Social Marginalism: Strengths and Weaknesses; 5 Opportunity Cost; Definition and Types of Opportunity Cost; Assessing Opportunity Costs: Quantitative and Financial Problems; Unused Resources; Strategic Decisions; Failures and Problems; Opportunity Cost Reasoning in Practice; 6 Time, Risk and Uncertainty; Time Preference, Risk and Discounting. Discounting in PracticeRational Methods of Dealing with Risk and Uncertainty; Risk and Uncertainty in Practice; Some Examples; Note on Further Reading; 7 Size and Efficiency; Single Activities: Economies and Diseconomies of Scale; Single Activity Costs: The Evidence; Can Businesses Get too Big? The Economists' Debate; Are Large Businesses Inefficient? The Evidence; Human and Managerial Factors; 8 Profits and Market Knowledge; Economic Analysis of Profits; Profits and Business Objectives; Market Knowledge; Pricing Decision; Note on Further Reading; 9 Big Business Budgets and Plans. The Choice of Budgeting SystemProfit-Oriented Decentralisation: Theory and Practice; The Economics of 'Who is Responsible?'; Conclusion; 10 The Provisioning of Social Enterprises; The Resource Gap; Social Pricing Criteria; Social Pricing in Practice: Recreation, Social Services, Housing, the Arts; Grant Raising; Conclusion; 11 Social Enterprises: Allocation Problems; Cost-Benefit Analysis, Theory and Practice; Strengths and Weaknesses of Social Monetising; Distributional Problems; Output Budgeting; Economics, Committees and Local Politics; Note on Further Reading; 12 Organisational Reform. Organisational Power, External Diseconomies, Social ConflictsSocial Choices of Allocation Systems; Induced Social Responsibility; Conclusion; Notes; Index.