Machine generated contents note: 1. Foreword Stanley Engerman; 2. Secular changes in American and British stature and nutrition; 3. Second thoughts on the European escape from hunger: famines, chronic malnutrition, and mortality rates; 4. Trends in physiological capital: implications for equity in health care; 5. Changes in disparities and chronic diseases through the course of the twentieth century; 6. Some common problems in analysis and measurement; 7. Afterword: a conversation with the author.