Transition and characteristics of the balance of international payments -- Foreign trade during the colonial period -- Foreign trade after independence -- The Indonesian economy and the Southeast Asia economy -- The sugar era and the culture banks (Cultuurbanken) -- The rubber era and managing agencies -- The petroleum era and state enterprise -- Industrialization and the conglomerate -- Land and labor -- the agrarian basis of the export industry -- A short history of the land rent system -- Javanese villages and population growth -- the case of Ungaran -- The unfolding of the agrarian problem.