Part 1. Dilemmas of Agrarian Reform in Russia: 1. Imperial reforms, 1861-1913; 2. The NEP, collectivization, and post-Stalin reforms, 1921-1989; 3. The transition reforms, 1991-2010 -- Part II. Russian Law and Rural Organization, 1861-2010: 4. Property rights and customary law in rural Russia; 5. Rural organization and entrepreneurship -- Part III. Russian Agricultural Performance, 1861-2010: 6. Technology and farming culture; 7. Reform and long-run productivity growth, 1861-2010; Conclusion: the present from the perspective of the past -- Appendices: 1. Construction of total factor productivity for Russian agriculture in the Tsarist Period, 1861-1911; 2. Measures; 3. The yield of arable land (ratio of harvest to arable land); 4. Land/labor ratio, Tsarist Russia, 1913 = roo; 5. Exports and imports, cereals, meat, chicken, selected countries, years (Transition era); 6. Fertilizer use in the post-Khrushchev era, 1970-1990; 7. Agrarian reform: crises and short-run outcomes in Russia, 1861-2010.