Editor's note -- CHAPTER 1 Norwegian Cooperativism: Social Context and Cooperative Experience 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Rise of cooperativism in Norway -- 1.3 Contextual influences -- 1.4 Norwegian cooperativism today -- 1.4.1 Agricultural cooperativism -- 1.4.2 Fishermen's cooperativism -- 1.4.3 Consumer cooperativism -- 1.4.4 Housing cooperativism -- 1.5 Challenges to Norwegian cooperativism -- 1.6 Lessons from Norwegian cooperativism -- References -- CHAPTER 2 Cooperative Rationale in Context: Conditions and Performance in the Case of Turkey -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Current State of Cooperativism -- 2.3 Cooperativism in Turkey 2.4 Inter views -- 2.5 Responses -- 2.5.1 Political Context -- 2.5.2 Legal Context -- 2.5.3 Economic Context -- 2.5.4 Social Context -- 2.6 A Broad Taxonomy of International Cooperative Challenges -- 2.6.1 Cooperative Challenges in Developing Countries -- 2.6.2 Cooperative Challenges in Developed Countries -- 120 2.7 Findings and Discussion References -- About the Authors.