Pt. 1. The debate that never happened. Introduction -- Two Nobel Laureates and the debate they never had -- pt. 2. Why the debate never happened : the real history of the development idea. Once upon a time in China -- Race, war, and the fate of Africa -- One day in Bogotá -- pt. 3. The blank slate versus learning from history. Values : the long struggle for individual rights -- Institutions : we oppress them if we can -- The majority dream -- pt. 4. Nations versus individuals. Homes or prisons? : Nations and migrations -- How much do nations matter? -- pt. 5. Conscious design versus spontaneous solutions. Markets : the association of problem-solvers -- Technology : how to succeed without knowing how -- Leaders : how we are seduced by benevolent autocrats -- Conclusion.