Introduction: Why do NGOs need to negotiate knowledge? Sophie King, Tiina Kontinen, Lata Narayanaswamy and Rachel Hayman -- 2. What do we mean by evidence-based advocacy? Ideas from NGOs in Malawi Kate Gooding -- 3. What sense does it make? Vocabularies of practice and knowledge creation in a development NGO Tiina Kontinen -- 4. Legitimacy and knowledge production in NGOs Erla Thrandardottir --5. Knowledge and conditional participation of civil society organizations in India’s urban governance regime Swetha Rao Dhananka -- 6. Research for development alternatives: inter-elite relations and grass-roots knowledge in Western Uganda Sophie King with Christopher Busiinge --7. Progress towards effective knowledge sharing in an NGO Kai Matturi -- 8. ‘I have not seen a single person use it’: NGOs, documentation centres and knowledge brokering in development Lata Narayanaswamy -- 9. NGOs and the evidence-based policy agenda Rachel Hayman -- 10. Conclusion: negotiating knowledge, evidence, learning and power Rachel Hayman, with Sophie King, Tiina Kontinen, Lata Narayanaswamy -- Index