Introduction.- The Tradition of Economic Thought in the Mediterranean World from the Ancient Classical Times Through the Hellenistic Times until the Byzantine Times and Arab-Islamic World.- Mercantilism.- The Cameralists: Fertile Sources for a New Science of Public Finance.- The Physiocrats, Lluis Argemi d'Abadal.- Adam Smith: Theory and Policy.-Life and work of David Ricardo (1772-1823).- John Stuart Mill's Road to Leviathan: Early Life and Influences.- John Stuart Mill's Road to Leviathan: The Principles of Political Economy.- Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832).- Johann Heinrich von Thunen - a Founder of Modern Economy.- The legacy of Karl Marx.- Friedrich List striving for Economic Integration and Development.- The Entwicklung according to Gossen.- Gustav Schmoller as a Scientist of Political Economy.- The Empirical and Inductivist Economics of Professor Menger.- Antoine Augustin Cournot.- Leon Walras: What cutes know and what they should know.- Knut Wicksell and Contemporary Political Economy.- The Scientific Contributions of Heinrich von Stackelberg.- Joseph Alois Schumpeter: The Economist of Rhetoric.- Against rigid rules - Keynes's Economic Theory.- Keynes's "long struggle of escape, ".- John Maynard Keynes and the Theory of the Monetary Economy.- James Steuart and the Theory of the Monetary Economy.- Friedrich August Hayek (1899-1992)