Foreword / by John A. Mathews -- Introduction -- Knowledge as a key factor for economic catch-up -- Knowledge and country-level catch-up -- Knowledge and sector-level catch-up: Asia versus Latin America -- Knowledge and firm-level catch-up: Korean versus US firms -- Toward a knowledge-based theory of economic catch-up -- How to build up technological capabilities to enter short-cycle technology sectors -- Catching up and leapfrogging in China and India -- Hypothesizing a theory of technological turning points -- Summary and concluding remarks.