İçindekiler --Content --Önsöz 7 --Preface 9 --Content 11 --Abbreviations 21 --CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Turkish --Commercial Law --INTRODUCTION 25 --1. Turkish Commercial Law 25 --1.1. Turkish Commercial Code Law No. 6102 26 --1.2. Relation Of The TCC, TCL, And TCO 27 --1.3. Turkish Protection of Competition Code Law No. 4054 (TCPC) 28 --1.4. Turkish Capital Market Law No. 6362 (TCML) 29 --1.5. Turkish Law of Checks Law No. 5941 (TLC) 29 --CHAPTER 2 Commercial Enterprise in --Turkish Commercial Law --INTRODUCTION 33 --1. Commercial Enterprise And Its Factors 33 --1.1. Exceeding The Limits Of A Craftsperson's Income 33 --Introdcution to Turkish Commercial Law --1.2. Aim To Gain Income 35 --1.3. Continuity 35 --1.4. Independence 36 --2. Centre And Branch Offices 36 --CHAPTER 3 Commercial Matters, Commercial --Provisions, Commercial Litigation --INTRODUCTION 41 --1. Commercial Matters 41 --1.1. Determining Commercial Matters 41 --1.1.1. Matters Regulated by the TCC 42 --1.1.2. Matters Related with Commercial Enterprises 42 --1.1.3. Presumption of Commercial Matters 43 --1.1.4. Matters That Are Commercial For One Of The Parties 44 --1.2. Results of Commercial Matters 44 --1.2.1. Presumption Of Solidarity 44 --1.2.2. Interest In Commercial Matters 45 --1.2.3. Exceeding The Maximum Upper Limit In Commercial Matters 46 --1.2.4. Lapse Of Time In Commercial Matters 47 --2. Commercial Provisions 48 --2.1. Provisions That Can Be Applied To Commercial Matters 49 --2.1.1. Statutory Provisions Of Law 49 --2.1.2. Contractual Provisions 50 --2.1.3. Complementary Commercial Provision 50 --2.1.4. Commercial Usage and Custom 51 --2.1.5. General Provisions 51 --3. Commercial Litigation 52 --içindekiler 13 --3.1. Commercial Cases 52 --3.1.1. Peremptory Commercial Cases 52 --3.1.2. Proportional Commercial Cases 53 --3.2. Commercial Courts in the Turkish Legal System 54 --CHAPTER 4 Traders --INTRODUCTION 57 --1. Natural Person Traders 57 --1.1. Existence Of A Commercial Enterprise 58 --1.2. Operating A Commercial Enterprise 58 --1.3.Perating Commercial Enterprises On Behalf Of Oneself 60 --2. Special Provisions On Natural Person Traders 61 --2.1. Traders As Minors Or Under The Care Of A Guardian 61 --2.2. People Debarred From Commerce 61 --3. Corporate Legal Person Traders 62 --3.1. Commercial Companies As Traders 63 --3.2. Associations That Operate Commercial Companies 63 --3.3. Other Associations 64 --4. Provisions And Results Of Trading 64 --4.1. Bankruptcy 65 --4.2.Using Trade Names 66 --4.3. Registering With The Trade Registry 66 --4.4.Maintaining Commercial Books 67 --4.5. Acting As A "Prudent Businessperson" 67 --4.6. Denunciations And Notices 67 --4.7.Presumption Of Commercial Matters 68 --14 Introdcution to Turkish Commercial Law --4.8.Right To Ask For Payment And Interest 68 --4.9. Invoices And Confirmation Letters 69 --4.10. Decreases Of Payments And Contracts 70 --4.11. Provision Of The Right Of Lien 70 --4.12. Registering To Related Chambers 71 --4.13.Trade Usage And Custom 72 --CHAPTER 5 Assistants Of Traders --INTRODUCTION 75 --1. Dependent Trader Assistants 75 --1.1. Commercial Representatives 75 --1.2. Commercial Deputies 79 --1.3. Marketing Associates 81 --1.3.1. Obligations Of Marketing Associates 82 --1.3.1.1. Following Instructions 82 --1.3.1.2. Prohibition From Competition 83 --1.3.1.3. Rendering Information 83 --1.3.1.4. Lack Of Warranty Obligations 83 --1.3.1.5. Working In Commercial Enterprises —Workplace 84 --1.3.2. Marketing Associates' Rights 85 --1.3.2.1. Right To Payment 85 --1.3.2.2. Right To Monopoly 86 --1.3.2.3. Right To Ask For Expenses 86 --1.3.2.4. Right of Lien 87 --1.3.3. End of Marketing Associate Contracts 87 --1.3.3.1. Special Results 88 --2. Independent Trader Assistants 88 --llliiliiiilíiiiíiiilljiii --İçindekiler 15 --2.1. Intermediaries 89 --2.1.1. Payment of Fees 90 --2.1.2. Termination of Intermediary Contracts 91 --2.2. Agents 92 --2.2.1. Competences of Agents 93 --2.2.1.1. Transactions and rights-protecting statements 93 --2.2.1.2. Competences in courts and litigations 94 --2.2.1.3. Transactions with permission or procuration 94 --2.2.1.4. Transactions with permission or procuration 94 --2.2.2. Agents' Obligations 95 --2.2.2.1. Protecting Traders' Interests 95 --2.2.2.2. Liability For Damages 96 --2.2.2.3. Notification Of Clients 96 --2.2.2.4. Taking Precautions 96 --2.2.2.5. Paying Debts 97 --2.2.3. Rights Of Agents 98 --2.2.3.1. Right To Remuneration 98 --2.2.3.2. Extraordinary Expenses and Interest 101 --2.2.3.3. Right To Lien 101 --2.2.4. Obligations of Client Traders 102 --2.2.5. Termination Of The Agency Contract 103 --2.2.6. Offsetting 104 --2.2.7. Prohibition Of Compensation 105 --2.3. Commissioners 107 --2.3.1. Commissioners InTheTCO 107 --2.3.1.1. Obligations of Commissioners In the TCO 108 --2.3.1.2. Rights of Commissioners In the TCO 109 --2.3.2. Commissioners In The TCC 110 --2.3.2.1. Obligations Of Freight Forwards In The TCC 111 --2.3.2.2. Rights Of Freight Forwards 111 --16 Introdcution to Turkish Commercial Law --CHAPTER 6 Commercial Books, Trade Registry --Open Account --INTRODUCTION 115 --1. Commercial Books 115 --2. Trade Registry 117 --3. Open Account 120 --CHAPTER 7 Trade Name, Commercial Enterprise --Name, Trademarks --INTRODUCTION 125 --1. Trade Name 125 --1.2. Forms Of Trade Names 126 --1.2.1. Trade Names Of Natural Person Traders 126 --1.2.2. Trade Names Of Legal Entity Traders 126 --1.2.2.1. Ordinary Partnerships 127 --1.2.2.2. Collective Partnerships And Commandite Companies 127 --1.2.2.3. Joint Stock, Limited, And Cooperatives 127 --1.2.2.4. Associations, Foundations, and Associations of Shipowners --128 --1.2.3. Annexes of Trade Names 128 --1.3. Continuity And Turnover Of Trade Names, And Branch Office --Trade Names 129 --1.4. Protection Of Trade Names 130 --2. Commercial Enterprise Names 131 --3. Trademarks 132 --3.1. Protection of Trademark 133 --Içindekiler 17 --CHAPTER 8 Investment, Intellectual Property and --INTRODUCTION 139 --1. T w o Important International Legal Documents 141 --2. IP And Patent Rights In Turkish Domestic Law 143 --3. Trademarks And Investment 144 --4. Patents And Investments 149 --5. Industrial Design And Investment 152 --6. Geographical Indications And Investment 154 --CHAPTER 9 A Brief Introduction to Unfair --Competition --INTRODUCTION 157 --1. Unfair Competition And Its Elements 157 --2. Results Of Unfair Competition 159 --2.1. Civil Results 159 --2.1.1. Declaratory Judgment Action 159 --2.1.2. Actions To Prevent Unfair Competition 160 --2.1.3. Action For Restitution 160 --2.1.4. Actions For Compensation 160 --2.2. Criminal Results 161 --CHAPTER 10 Commercial Companies --INTRODUCTION 165 --1 8 Introdcution to Turkish Commercial Law --1. Ordinary Partnerships 165 --1.1. Dissolution Of Ordinary Partnerships 167 --2. Collective Partnerships 168 --2.1. The Function Of Collective Partnerships 170 --2.1.1. Right To Govern 170 --2.1.2. Right To Pay Interest 1?1 --2.1.3. Right To Audit 171 --2.1.4. Sharing Of Profits And Losses 172 --2.1.5. Prohibition Of Competition 172 --2.2. Dissolution Of Collective Companies 173 --3. Commandite Companies 174 --4. Joint Stock Companies 178 --4.1. Establishment Of Joint Stock Companies 178 --4.2. Functioning Of Joint Stock Companies 179 --4.2.1. BoD In Joint Stock Companies 179 --4.2.1.1. BoD Duties And Powers In Joint Stock Companies 183 --4.2.1.2. BoD Obligations In Joint Stock Companies 184 --4.2.1.3. Bod Member Liabilities 188 --4.2.2. Auditors in Joint Stock Companies 190 --4.2.3. GA In Joint Stock Companies 194 --4.2.3.1. General Provisions On GA Functioning 196 --4.2.3.2. Right To Information 198 --4.2.3.3. Right To Request Special Audit 200 --4.2.3.4. Privileged Shares 200 --4.2.3.5. Action To Nullity And Invalidity Of GA Decisions 203 --4.2.3.6. Changing The Articles Of Association 204 --4.2.3.7. Shares, Share Certificates, And Securities 205 --4.2.3.8. Dissolution/Liquidation Of Joint Stock Companies 207 --5. Limited Part