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Services of general economic interest as a constitutional concept of EU law. için kapak resmi
Başlık:
Services of general economic interest as a constitutional concept of EU law.
Yazar:
Wehlander, Caroline. author
ISBN:
9789462651166
Yazar Ek Girişi:
Fiziksel Tanımlama:
xvi, 374 pages ; 25 cm.
Seri:
Legal issues of services of general interest.
İçerik:
Contents Part I No Exit from EU Market Law for Public Services 1 Introduction: The Constitutionalisation of the EU Concept of SGEI as a Story of Exit, Voice and Loyalty for Public Services in EU Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1 The Expansion of EU Law in the Field of Public Services, Including Social Services: Crucial Legal Issues Unsolved . . . . . 4 1.1.1 The CJEU’s Use of the EU Concept of SGEI in Article 106(2) TFEU to Address Member States’ Concerns on the Expansion of EU Law in Their Fields of Competence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.1.2 The Progressive and (Too?) Subtle Approach of the CJEU: Two Important Legal Questions . . . . . . . . 9 1.1.3 SGEI: EU Debate and Constitutionalisation Through the Treaty of Lisbon 2007/2009 . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.1.4 Emerging EU Governance of Social Services in EU Procurement and State Aid Rules: The Unclear Relation Between the Quality Framework for SGI and the Treaty Framework on SGEI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.1.5 Systems of Choice for Social Services: Showing the Way? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.2 Aims and Structure of the Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 1.2.1 Part I: No Exit from EU Market Law for Public Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1.2.2 Part II: SGEI as a Constitutional Voice for Public Services in EU Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1.2.3 Part III: Cost of Loyalty, the Relationship Between EU Procurement and State Aid Legislation on Social Services and the Treaty Rules on SGEI, with a Case Study on Swedish Systems of Choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 x Contents Part II SGEI as a Constitutional Voice for Public Services in EU Law 2 “Economic Activity”: Criteria and Relevance in the Fields of EU Internal Market Law, Competition Law and Procurement Law . . . 35 2.1 “Economic Activity”: “One Test” Determining the Applicability of the Treaty Market Rules to Activities in the Public Sector?.................................... 37 2.2 “Economic Activity” in the Field of Internal Market Law: Relevance and Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2.2.1 The Relationship Between the Notion of “Economic Activity” and the Concepts of Entry of the Treaty Rules on Free Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2.2.2 The Meaning of the Notion of “Economic Activity” for the Purposes of the Treaty Rules on Free Movement..................................... 42 2.3 “Economic Activity” in the Field of Competition: Relevance and Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 2.3.1 Relevance of the Fact that an Activity Can Be Economic for the Applicability of the Treaty Competition Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 2.3.2 Criteria Determining that an Activity Is Economic for the Purpose of the Treaty Competition Rules . . . . . . 50 2.4 EU Procurement Law: The Concepts of “Service” and “Undertaking” Meet in the Notion of “Economic Transaction” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 2.5 Conclusions: Closure of “Exit” from EU Law for Public Services Enhances the Need of Member States’ “Voice” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 2.5.1 Legal Meaning of “Economic Activity” as a Unitary Notion of EU Market Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 2.5.2 Relevance of the Economic Character of an Activity/Transaction for the Applicability of EU Rules on Free Movement and Competition . . . . . 60 2.5.3 Exit from EU Law Closed for Public Services Within Membe States: An EU Constitutional Issue of Competence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 3 The Importance of SGEI in the Post-Lisbon Treaties . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 3.1 The Concept of SGEI Promoted as a Treaty “Voice” for Public Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 3.1.1 Article 106(2) TFEU: Comparative Advantages of a Provision Allowing Member States to Retain Powers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 3.1.2 From Amsterdam to Lisbon: 10 Years of Debate and a Compromise on SGEI in the Treaties . . . . . . . . . . 77 Contents xi 3.1.3 New Framework on SGEI in the Post-Lisbon Treaties: SGEI “Voice” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 3.2 The Political Importance of SGEI for the Foundational Principles of the EU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 3.2.1 Relationship Between the Treaty Framework on SGEIs and the Values and Objectives of the EU . . . . 95 3.2.2 SGEI: An Appropriate Instrument to Develop Public Services in a “Highly Competitive Social Market Economy”? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 3.2.3 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 4 SGEI as a Ground for a Special Regime in the Case Law of the CJEU Related to Public Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 4.1 The Case Law of the CJEU Directly Based on Article 106(2) TFEU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 4.1.1 SGEI in the Meaning of Article 106(2) TFEU: Only Control of Manifest Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 4.1.2 Standard of Review Under Article 106(2) TFEU: From Derogation to Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 4.1.3 Horizontal Scope of Article 106(2) TFEU . . . . . . . . . . . 129 4.1.4 Entrustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 4.2 The Case Law of the CJEU Transposed from Article 106(2) TFEU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 4.2.1 Altmark: No State Aid for Proportional Compensation of Public Service Obligations . . . . . . . . 147 4.2.2 Public Service Tasks (or SGEI Tasks?) and Exemptions from EU Procurement Rules . . . . . . . . 148 4.2.3 A Lenient Review of Restrictions of the Free Movement of Services Justified by Public Service Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 4.2.4 Lenient Review of Restrictions of the Freedom of Establishment Justified by Public Service Tasks: Hartlauer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 4.2.5 Libert: Lenient Review of Restriction of the Free Movement of Capital Justified by Public Service Obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 4.3 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 5 Meaning of the EU Concept of SGEI Emerging from the CJEU Case Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 5.1 Clear Understanding of the EU Concept of SGEI in Soft Law and Secondary Law? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 5.1.1 The Commission’s Understanding of the Concepts of SGI and SGEI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 xii Contents 5.1.2 SGEI’s Definition in the Services Directive, A(nother) Source of Confusion to Understand the EU Concept of SGEI....................................... 179 5.1.3 Academic Approaches of the Notion of SGEI . . . . . . . 181 5.1.4 Some Signs of Conceptual Confusion on the Core Elements of th
Özet:
The book offers a legal understanding regarding which core elements characterize an SGEI, and of how the post-Lisbon constitutional framework on SGEI affects the pplication of the EU market rules by the EU Court of Justice, including procurement rules, to public services. The book also analyses how the EU legislator engages in the Europeanisation of social services through EU procurement and state aid rules that have an ambiguous relationship to the Treaty framework on SGEI. Some explanation to this ambiguity is proposed by studying how the application of EU state aid rules could hinder the development of Swedish systems of choice liberalizing publicly-funded elderly care and school education in Sweden. The book includes propositions on crucial but yet unsettled legal questions, and is therefore mainly aimed at legal academics and practitioners but may also be of interest to political scientists.
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Kitap EKOBKN0000694 341.2422 WHE 2016
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