Machine generated contents note: Contents; List of figures; List of tables; Acknowledgements; Part I. Introduction: 1. The importance of technological progress; 2. Cross-national variation in technology policies; 3. The paradox of technology policies; 4. The argument; 5. Plan of the book; Part II. Political Parties and Technological Progress: Theory: 6. Why time horizons matter; 7. Political parties, time horizons, and technology policy; 8. Discussion; Part III. Political Parties and Technological Progress: Empirics: 9. Measuring party institutionalization; 10. Reduced-form models and results; 11. From party institutionalization to income levels; 12. Testing the mechanisms; 13. Conclusion; Part IV. Weak Institutionalization and Myopic Policymaking: 14. Context-conditional political business cycles; 15. Party institutionalization and policy cycles; 16. Pre-election expansions; 17. Post-election contractions; 18. Conclusion; Part V. State Failures, Market Failures, and Technological Progress: 19. Political failures and market failures; 20. A proposed synthesis; 21. Case illustrations; 22. Cross-national analyses; 23. Conclusion; Part VI. Conclusion: 24. Parties and economic performance; 25. Extending the model; A. Appendix to chapter 1; B. Appendix to chapter 2; C. Appendix to chapter 3; References.