1. The Substance of EU Democracy Promotion: Introduction and Conceptual Framework; Anne Wetzel PART I: ALTERNATIVE REFLECTIONS ON THE EU AS A LIBERAL DEMOCRACY PROMOTER 2. Law Perspective: Praise Undeserved? The EU as a Democracy Promoter: A Skeptical Account; Dimitry Kochenov 3. Political Economy Perspective: Fuzzy Liberalism and EU Democracy Promotion: Why Concepts Matter; Milja Kurki 4. Critical Social Theory Perspective: Embeddedness as Substance: The EU's Socialized Approach to Democratization; Jessica Schmidt 5. Governance Perspective: Democratic Governance Promotion through Functional Cooperation; Anne Wetzel PART II: COUNTRY CHAPTERS 6. Addressing the Remnants of a Communist Past through Accession: Slovakia and the Czech Republic; Eline De Ridder 7. Different Trajectories yet the Same Substance: Croatia and Turkey; Canan Balk?r and Muge Aknur 8. Promoting Democracy in Post-Conflict Societies: Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo; Labinot Greicevci and Bekim Collaku 9. Power Relations Meet Domestic Structures: Russia and Ukraine; Susan Stewart 10. Neither Integrated Nor Comprehensive in Substance: Armenia and Georgia; Hrant Kostanyan 11. Democracy through the Invisible Hand? Egypt and Tunisia; Vicky Reynaert 12. When Security Trumps Democracy: Israel and Palestine; Benedetta Voltolini and Federica Bicchi 13. Favouring Leaders over Laggards: Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan; Fabienne Bossuyt and Paul Kubicek 14. Democracy Promotion in Restrictive Environments: Ethiopia and Eritrea; Karen Del Biondo 15. Responding to Political Crises in the South Pacific: The Solomon Islands and Fiji; Maurizio Carbone and Karen Del Biondo 16. Much Ado about Nothing? Brazil and Venezuela; Andrea Ribeiro Hoffmann PART III: CONCLUSIONS 17. Conclusions; Anne Wetzel and Jan Orbie.