Foreword xiii -- Preface xv -- Acknowledgments xvii -- About the Authors xix -- Abbreviations xxi -- Overview Making GVCs Work for Development 1 -- Introduction 1 -- Part I: Why GVCs Require Fresh Thinking 1 -- Part II: Quantifying a Country’s Position in GVCs 2 -- Part III: Strategic Questions and Policy Options 4 -- Part IV: Country Engagement 7-- Note 7 References 7 -- PART I Why GVCs Require Fresh Thinking 9 -- Chapter 1 Here’s Why 11 -- Introduction 11 -- Firm and Policy Perspective 13 -- Evolution of GVC Trade 16 -- Assessment of a Country’s Potential in GVCs 20 Policy Dimension: Entering GVCs, Expanding Participation, and Ensuring Sustainable Development 25 -- Notes 30 -- References 32 -- Chapter 2 Consider Bulgaria 35 -- Introduction 35 -- Bulgaria’s Domestic Value Added in Exports 35 -- Channels for Increasing Domestic Value Added in Exports 36 -- Bulgaria’s GVC Participation and Firm-Level Productivity 45 -- What Must Be Done? 47 -- Notes 50 References 50 --Annex 2A 51 -- vi Contents -- PART II Quantifying a Country’s Position in GVCs 53 -- Chapter 3 What Do Imports and Exports Say about GVC Participation? 55 -- GVC Participation Using Gross Trade Data 55 -- Informed Classifications 58 GVC Participation Using Data on Trade in Value Added 62 -- Buying and Selling Sides 62 -- Notes 63 References 70 -- Chapter 4 Buyer-Related Measures 71 -- Introduction 71 -- Intermediates in Gross Imports 71 -- Imported Inputs Embodied in Gross Exports 71 -- Value Added in Gross Exports 73 -- Length of Sourcing Chains 80 -- Buyer Dimension: Summary 85 -- Notes 86 -- References 86 -- Chapter 5 Seller-Related Measures 87 -- Introduction 87 -- Intermediates in Output or Gross Exports 87 -- I2E Trade in Gross Exports 88 -- Domestic Value Added in Gross Exports of Third Countries 88 -- Who Are the Ultimate Consumers of a Country’s Value Added? Value Added in Final Domestic Demand 91 -- Length of Selling Chains: Distance to Final Demand 94 -- Domestic Gap between Buying and Selling Chains 97 -- Seller Dimension: Summary 98 -- Notes 99 -- References 100-- Chapter 6 Other Measures of GVC Participation: From Macro to Micro 101-- Introduction 101 GVC Participation -- Index 101 -- Network Metrics and Visualizations 104 -- Role of Services in Value Added 108 -- Main Actors and Their Links in GVCs Using Firm-Level Measures 112 -- Notes 115-- References 116 -- Chapter 7 Use of GVC Measures to Assess the Drivers and Impacts of GVC Participation 117 -- Introduction 117 -- What Are the Determinants of GVC Links? 117 -- Do GVC Links Matter for Economic Upgrading? 121 -- Quantifying the Labor Market Dimension of GVCs 125 -- Summary 130 Annex 7A. Regression Results 132 -- Annex 7B. Factors Mediating Productivity Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment 137 -- Annex 7C. Factors Mediating Productivity Spillovers from GVC Integration in Bulgaria 139 -- Notes 143 -- References 143 -- Contents vii -- PART III Strategic Questions and Policy Options 145 -- Chapter 8 Entering GVCs 147 Introduction 147 -- Attracting Foreign Investors and Facilitating Domestic Firms’ Entry into GVCs: Strategic Questions 147 -- Policy Options 161 Notes 174 -- References 175 -- Chapter 9 Expanding and Strengthening GVC Participation 179 -- Introduction 179 -- Promoting Economic Upgrading and Densification in GVCs: Strategic Questions 179 -- Strengthening Absorptive Capacity: Which Domestic Firm Characteristics Help Internalize Spillovers? 185 -- Policy Options 186 -- Notes 193 -- References 194 -- Chapter 10 Turning GVC Participation into Sustainable Development 199 -- Introduction 199 Promoting Social Upgrading and Cohesion: Strategic Questions 199 -- Promoting Environmental Sustainability: What Benefits from Environmental Regulation? 205 -- Policy Options 205 -- Notes 211 References 211 -- PART IV Country Engagement 213 -- Chapter 11 Designing a Country Engagement Strategy Based on Sound Analytics 215 -- What Is the Goal of This Guide? 215 -- Who Is This Guide For? 217 Steps in Component 1 219 -- Annex 11A Interview Guide for Fieldwork 223 -- Annex 11B Checklist of Topics from Combined Desk Research and Fieldwork 228.