Preface-- Motivation for the Book-- Innovations in the Book-- About the Audience-- Acknowledgements-- References-- Contents-- 1 Economics as a Science-- 1.1 Classification of Economics-- 1.2 The Axioms of Economics-- 1.2.1 Regular Needs of Human Beings-- 1.2.2 Business Competition and Rational Behavior-- 1.2.3 The Birth of Organizations-- 1.2.4 The Principle of Modeling in Economics-- 1.3 Forecasting Human Behavior-- 1.3.1 Predictability of Economic Events-- 1.4 Frameworks of Economic Modeling-- 1.4.1 The Neoclassical Framework and Its Critique-- 1.4.2 Econophysics. 1.4.3 A Dynamic Extension to Neoclassical Economics1.4.4 Decision-Making Steelyard-- 1.5 A Summary of the Methodological Basis of Economics-- References-- 2 Measuring in Economics-- 2.1 Principles of Dimensional Analysis-- 2.2 A Measurement System for Economics-- 2.2.1 Measurement of Volume of Goods-- 2.2.2 Measurement of Time-- 2.2.3 Measurement of Monetary Values-- 2.2.4 Measurement of Satisfaction-- 2.2.5 Primary Dimensions in Economics-- Examples of Dimensional Calculations-- Examples of Measurement in Economics-- 2.3 Nominal and Real Quantities-- 2.3.1 How Do We Use Real Quantities? 2.3.2 Internal and External Value of a CurrencyNominal Exchange Rate-- Purchasing Power and Real Exchange Rate-- 2.4 Discrete and Continuous Quantities-- 2.5 Measuring Changes in Scalars-- 2.6 Measuring Changes in Values-- 2.6.1 Changes in Values in Discrete Time-- Logarithms in Measuring Value Changes-- 2.6.2 Changes in Values in Continuous Time-- 2.6.3 Interest Rate-- 2.7 Economic Kinematics-- 2.7.1 Average Velocity of Production-- 2.7.2 Instantaneous Velocity of Production-- 2.7.3 Velocity and Accumulated Production-- 2.7.4 Average Acceleration of Production. 2.7.5 Instantaneous Acceleration of Production2.7.6 Kinematics of a Two-Good Production System-- 2.8 Index Numbers-- 2.8.1 Index Numbers as Average Quantities-- 2.9 The Production Function-- References-- 3 Consumer Behavior -- 3.1 The Axioms of Consumer Behavior-- 3.2 A Consumer's Budget Equation-- 3.3 A Consumer's Preferences-- 3.4 A Consumer's Optimal Choice-- 3.5 Utility Function and Indifference Curves-- 3.6 The Equilibrium State of a Consumer-- 3.7 Dynamic Consumer Behavior-- 3.7.1 Lagrangian Formulation of Consumer Behavior-- 3.7.2 Marginal Willingness-to-Pay and Demand. 3.8 Newtonian Theory of a Consumer3.9 Aggregate Food Consumption-- 3.10 Aggregate Demand Relation of Food-- 3.11 Mathematical Appendix-- References-- 4 The Behavior of Firms-- 4.1 Principles of Firms' Behavior-- 4.1.1 Planning Firms' Behavior-- 4.2 The Forms of Business Organization-- 4.3 Revenues, Costs and the Profit of a Firm-- 4.3.1 Problems in the Calculation of a Firm's Profit-- 4.3.2 The Costs of Firms-- 4.3.3 The Revenues of Firms-- 4.4 The Production Decision of a Firm-- 4.4.1 Production Decision by Revenues and Costs-- 4.4.2 Production Decision by MarginalQuantities.