List of Figures and Tables; Contributors; Chapter 1 Introduction; Reference; Chapter 2 Implications of Global Value Chains for Trade Statistics and Trade Policy; 2.1. Introduction; 2.2. The Rise of Global Value Chains: Why and What Impact?; 2.2.1. Factors that led to the development of global value chains; 2.2.2. Trade in tasks; 2.2.3. The implications of trade in tasks; 2.3. Trade in Value Added: Measuring Trade in a Globalized World; 2.3.1. Three approaches to measure trade taking place within global value chains; 2.3.1.1. Case studies and microeconomic data 2.3.1.2. Use of existing data on trade in intermediate goods: The direct measurement2.3.1.3. The use of international input-output (II-O) tables: The indirect measurement; 2.3.2. The statistical methodology -- basic principles; 2.3.3. The statistical challenges; 2.4. A New Angle for Trade Analysis and Policy; 2.4.1. Increasing role of manufacturing and business services in world trade; 2.4.2. Bilateral trade balances revisited; 2.4.3. Trade in value added and employment; 2.4.4. Trade in value added and international competitiveness 2.4.4.1. Importing to export: A key point for export competitiveness2.4.4.2. Ratio of exports to GDP in value added: An idea of the actual impact of trade on an economy; 2.4.4.3. Effective protection rates: International competitiveness of domestic value added; 2.4.5. Consequences and risks associated with the interdependency of economies; 2.5. Are Traditional Rules and Principles in Question?; 2.5.1. Rules of origin; 2.5.2. The notion of comparative advantage; 2.6. Some Trade Policy Incentives and Directions to Promote GVCs; 2.7. Conclusion; References Chapter 3 OECD Inter-Country Input-Output Model and Policy Implications3.1. Introduction; 3.2. What Does an Inter-Country Input-Output Model Represent?; 3.3. Relevant Policy Areas; 3.3.1. Trade policies; 3.3.2. Trade, growth, and employment; 3.3.3. Ecological footprint issues; 3.3.4. Risk management; 3.4. Methodological and Statistical Limitations; 3.5. Conclusion; Appendix 3A; References; Chapter 4 Estimating the Upper Limits of Value Addedin the People's Republic of China's Processing Exports; 4.1. Introduction; 4.2. Estimating the Value Added in Trade: A Simple Approach 4.3. Estimating Domestic Value Added of the People's Republic of China's Processing Exports4.4. Domestic Value Added of the People's Republic of China's Exports by Trading Partner; 4.5. Comparison of the Estimates with the Trade in Value Added Database; 4.6. Conclusion; References; Chapter 5 An Alternative Measurement for International Fragmentation of the Production Process: An International Input-Output Approach; 5.1. Introduction; 5.2. Literature Review; 5.2.1. Studies using foreign trade statistics; 5.2.2. Studies using input-output tables