Acknowledgments xv Abbreviations xvii Sourcebook Overview and User Guide 1 Module 1: Coordination and Collective Action for Agricultural Innovation 15 Overview 15 Thematic Note 1 National Coordination and Governance of Agricultural Innovation 34 Thematic Note 2 How to Build Innovation Networks 44 Thematic Note 3 Facilitating Smallholders’ Access to Modern Marketing Chains 52 Thematic Note 4 Building Innovation Capabilities in Farmer Organizations 59 Innovative Activity Profile 1 No-Till Networks in Developing Countries 70 Innovative Activity Profile 2 Learning Organizations That Support Innovation: Mexico’s Produce Foundations 75 Innovative Activity Profile 3 Chile’s Foundation for Agricultural Innovation 80 Innovative Activity Profile 4 A Rural Institutional Platform Mobilizes Communities to Become Effective Partners in Agricultural Innovation in Andhra Pradesh 84 Innovative Activity Profile 5 In the Networking Age, Cassava Development Relies on Public-Private Research Partnerships 90 Innovative Activity Profile 6 Rural Productive Alliances: A Model for Overcoming Market Barriers 95 Module 2: Agricultural Education and Training to Support Agricultural Innovation Systems 107 Overview 107 Thematic Note 1 Reforming Public Agricultural Education at the Tertiary Level 122 Thematic Note 2 Curriculum Change in Higher Agricultural Education 131 Thematic Note 3 Education and Training for Technician Development 136 Thematic Note 4 Reforming the Management of In-Service Training/Learning 141 Innovative Activity Profile 1 Reforming India’s State Agricultural Universities 145 Innovative Activity Profile 2 Transforming Wageningen Agricultural University 149 Innovative Activity Profile 3 Curriculum Change in Agricultural Universities Strengthens Links in the Arab Republic of Egypt’s Innovation System 151 Innovative Activity Profile 4 Innovative Training Program for Midcareer Agricultural Extension Staff: The Sasakawa Africa Fund Education Program 154 Innovative Activity Profile 5 Chiang Mai University Links with Rural Communities to Focus Research on Farming Problems and Foster Curriculum Change 157 Innovative Activity Profile 6 EARTH University, Costa Rica: A New Kind of Agricultural University 160 Innovative Activity Profile 7 Technical Skills for Export Crop Industries in Uganda and Ethiopia 163 Innovative Activity Profile 8 Agribusiness Training for Secondary School Graduates in Timor-Leste 165 CONTENTS Innovative Activity Profile 9 Vocational Training in the Arab Republic of Egypt Combines Technical and Innovation Skills for Agriculture 169 Module 3: Investment in Extension and Advisory Services as Part of Agricultural Innovation Systems 179 Overview 179 Thematic Note 1 Pluralistic Extension Systems 194 Thematic Note 2 Farming as a Business and the Need for Local (Agri-) Business Development Services 204 Thematic Note 3 Extension-Plus: New Roles for Extension and Advisory Services 213 Thematic Note 4 The Role of Innovation Brokers in Agricultural Innovation Systems 221 Innovative Activity Profile 1 Agrodealer Development in Developing and Emerging Markets 231 Innovative Activity Profile 2 Federating Farmer Field Schools in Networks for Improved Access to Services 236 Innovative Activity Profile 3 INCAGRO: Developing a Market for Agricultural Innovation Services in Peru 240 Innovative Activity Profile 4 Combining Extension Services with Agricultural Credit: The Experience of BASIX India 246 Module 4: Agricultural Research within an Agricultural Innovation System 261 Overview 261 Thematic Note 1 Designing Agricultural Research Linkages within an AIS Framework 277 Thematic Note 2 Building and Strengthening Public-Private Partnerships in Agricultural Research 289 Thematic Note 3 Regional Research in an Agricultural Innovation System Framework: Bringing Order to Complexity 297 Thematic Note 4 Codesigning Innovations: How Can Research Engage with Multiple Stakeholders? 308 Thematic Note 5 Organizational Change for Learning and Innovation 316 Innovative Activity Profile 1 Redesigning a Livestock Research Institute to Support Livestock Development within an AIS Approach 326 Innovative Activity Profile 2 An Innovative Approach to Agricultural Technology Development and Transfer in India 331 Innovative Activity Profile 3 The Agricultural Technology Consortium Model in Chile 338 Innovative Activity Profile 4 Linking Research and Development Actors through Learning Alliances 344 Module 5: Incentives and Resources for Innovation Partnerships and Business Development 361 Overview 361 Thematic Note 1 Foundations for Public-Private Partnerships 374 Thematic Note 2 Innovation Funds 381 Thematic Note 3 Accelerating the Development of Agribusiness Enterprises by Using Business Incubators 388 Thematic Note 4 Agricultural Clusters 396 Thematic Note 5 Technology Transfer Offices: Facilitating Intellectual Property Protection for Agricultural Innovation 406 Thematic Note 6 Risk Capital for Agriculture in Developing and Middle-Income Countries 414 Innovative Activity Profile 1 Developing Entrepreneurs through an Agribusiness Incubator at ICRISAT 421 Innovative Activity Profile 2 The China Technology Transfer Project 426 Innovative Activity Profile 3 Agricultural Cluster Development in Nicaragua 430 Innovative Activity Profile 4 Providing Farmers with Direct Access to Innovation Funds 435 Module 6: Creating an Enabling Environment for Agricultural Innovation 449 Overview 449 Thematic Note 1 National Innovation Policy 460 Thematic Note 2 Governance of Innovation Systems 469 Thematic Note 3 Managing Intellectual Property to Foster Agricultural Development 480 Thematic Note 4 Biosafety Regulatory Systems in the Context of Agricultural Innovation 492 Thematic Note 5 Technical Regulations and Standards 501 Innovative Activity Profile 1 Developing an Enabling Environment to Improve Zambian Smallholders’ Agribusiness Skills and Commercial Orientation 512 Innovative Activity Profile 2 Intellectual Property Management in Livestock Veterinary Medicines for Developing Countries 516 Innovative Activity Profile 3 Developing a Subregional Approach to Regulating Agricultural Biotechnology in West Africa 522 Innovative Activity Profile 4 The Supply Response to New Sources of Demand for Financial and Other Services in Rural Andhra Pradesh 526 vi CONTENTS Module 7: Assessing, Prioritizing, Monitoring, and Evaluating Agricultural Innovation Systems 539 Overview 539 Thematic Note 1 Assessing Innovation for Prioritizing Investments 546 Thematic Note 2 Methods for Organizational Assessments in Agricultural Innovation Systems 553 Thematic Note 3 Foresighting Investments in Agricultural Innovation 562 Thematic Note 4 Monitoring Agricultural Innovation System Interventions 569 Thematic Note 5 Evaluating Agricultural Innovation System Interventions 580 Innovative Activity Profile 1 Self-Organizing Networks in Policy and Planning: Experience from Sierra Leone’s Partnership for Agricultural Innovation and Development 589 Innovative Activity Profile 2 Using Net-Map to Assess and Improve Agricultural Innovation Systems 593 Innovative Activity Profile 3 Gender Analysis for the Assessment of Innovation Processes: The Case of Papa Andina in Peru 598 Innovative Activity Profile 4 Scenario Planning to Guide Long-Term Investments in Agricultural Science and Technology in India 603 Innovative Activity Profile 5 A Vision for Agriculture in Chile in 2030 and the Implications for Its Innovation System 607 Innovative Activity Profile 6 Monitoring and Evaluation in the Fodder Innovation Project 610 Innovative Activity Profile 7 Monitoring and Evaluation in the Research Into Use Program 614 Glossary 629 Authors and Their Affiliations 635 Index.