1. The Economies of Urban Diversity: An Introduction; Darja Reuschke, Monika Salzbrunn, Korinna Schnhrl -- -- PART I: THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL INSIGHTS -- 2. The Concept of Diversity in Migration and Urban Studies; Monika Salzbrunn -- 3. Plurality, Cosmopolitanism, and Integration: The Dangers of Comparing the Incomparable; Edhem Eldem -- -- PART II: POPULATION FLOWS AFFECTING ISTANBUL AND THE RUHR AREA -- 4. From Guest Worker Migration to Transmigration: The German-Turkish Migratory Movements and the Special Role of Istanbul and the Ruhr; Yunus Ulusoy -- 5. A Forgotten Chapter of Regional Social History: The Polish Immigrants to the Ruhr 1870-1939; Michaela Bachem-Rehm -- -- PART III: LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMES OF ETHNIC ENTREPRENEURSHIP -- 6. From a Multi-Ethnic Empire to Two National States: The Economic Activities of the Greek Orthodox Population of Istanbul, ca. 1870-1939; Maria Christina Chatziioannou & Dimitris Kamouzis -- 7. Greek Orthodox Communities and the Formation of an Urban Landscape in Late Ottoman Istanbul; Ayse Ozil -- 8. The Turkish Migrant Economy in Dortmund : An Economy of Urban Diversity; Ivonne Fischer-Krapohl -- -- PART IV. RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION AND GENTRIFICATION PROCESSES -- 9. Residential Segregation of Turkish Migrants in the Ruhr Area -- Reasons, Patterns and Policies; Darja Reuschke & Sabine Weck -- 10. European Istanbul and its Enemies: Istanbul's Working Class as the Constitutive Outside of the Modern/European Istanbul; Deniz Yonucu -- 11. Urban Space and Gentrification in Istanbul in the Twentieth Century; Nil Uzun.