TABLE OF CONTENTS -- -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS VIII -- ABSTRACT X -- OZ XI -- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XII -- CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION -- INTRODUCTION 1 -- CHAPTER 2 -- UNDERSTANDING THE PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION: THE NEO-NEO DEBATE AND BEYOND -- 2.1. International Relations Theories in the Aftermath of World War II 10 -- 2.1.1. Realism 10 -- 2.1.2. Liberalism 11 -- 2.1.3. Neorealism 13 -- 2.1.4. Neoliberal Institutionalism (Liberal Institutionalism) 14 -- 2.2. Contemporary Mainstream Approaches: The Neo-Neo Debate 16 -- 2.2.1. Neo-Neo Debate and International Cooperation 18 -- 2.2.2. Neo-Neo Debate and Relative Gains 20 -- 2.2.3. Neo-Neo Debate and Globalization 24 -- 2.3. International Institutions and Governance in the -- Global World Economy 26 -- 2.4. Conceptualizing Governance in International Relations: -- Governance at the National, Regional and Global Levels 28 -- 2.4.1. Defining Governance 30 -- 2.4.2. National Governance 31 -- 2.4.3. Regional Governance 32 -- 2.4.4. Global Governance 36 -- 2.5. Concluding Remarks 40 -- CHAPTER3 -- THE NEED FOR A GLOBAL COMPETITION FRAMEWORK: -- AN OVERVIEW OF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND MULTILATERAL EFFORTS -- 3.1. The Concepts of Competition Law and Competition Policy -- in a Globalised Economy 43 -- 3.2. Differences Between Competition Law Regimes Around the World 45 -- 3.3. Definition of Convergence 48 -- 3.4. The Venue Search for International Competition Matters: -- Past Efforts 52 -- 3.4.1. The League of Nations: First Formal Discussions on International -- Competition Matters 53 -- 3.4.2. Post World War II Efforts and the Failure of the Havana Charter 56 -- 3.4.3. International Competition Law Initiative and its -- * Failure at the WTO 59 -- 3.4.4. The Developments that Lead to the Creation of the ICN 66 -- 3.4.5. The Rise of the ICN and its Role in the Convergence Efforts 71 -- 3.5. The Role of Other International Organizations in -- Fostering International Cooperation and Convergence 73 -- 3.5.1. The Role of OECD in Fostering International Cooperation and Convergence 73 -- 3.5.1.1. Experiences with the 1995 Recommendation on -- International Cooperation 76 -- 3.5.1.2. Experiences with the 1998 Recommendation Concerning Effective Action on Hard Core Cartels 79 -- 3.5.1.3. Experiences with the 2005 Recommendation of the Council -- on the Merger Review 80 -- 3.5.1.4. Experiences with the 2005 Best Practices on -- the Exchange of Information in Cartel Cases 81 -- 3.5.2. The Role of UNCTAD in Fostering International Cooperation and Convergence 81 -- 3.6. Concluding Remarks 87 -- CHAPTER 4 -- THE GLOBAL REACH OF NATIONAL COMPETITION LAWS AS A RESPONSE TO INTERNATIONALIZATION: UNILATERAL APPLICATION -- 4.1. The International Allocation of Jurisdiction 91 -- 4.1.1. The General Theoretical Problem 91 -- 4.1.2. The Development of the Effects Doctrine 93 -- 4.2. The US Antitrust Laws and Their Global Reach 96 -- 4.2.1. Statutory Development 97 -- 4.2.2. Effects Doctrine in the US 100 -- 4.2.2.1. The Scope of Application of the US Antitrust Law 100 -- 4.2.2.2. Early Years 101 -- 4.2.2.3. Alcoa Decision and the Effects Doctrine 103 -- 4.2.3. Aftermath of the Alcoa Decision: Refinements 105 -- 4.2.3.1. Comity Considerations 106 -- 4.2.3.2. Congressional Efforts 110 -- 4.2.3.3. Other Developments under the FTAIA Ill -- 4.3. The EU Competition Law and its Global Reach 115 -- 4.3.1. Origins of the EU Competition Law 116 -- 4.3.2. Objectives of the EU Competition Law 117 -- 4.3.3. The EU and the Early Days of the Effects Doctrine under -- the EU law 119 -- 4.3.3.1. Early Cases 119 -- 4.3.3.2. Wood Pulp as a Landmark Case: Implementation Doctrine 121 -- 4.3.3.3. Merger Cases and the Effects Doctrine 123 -- 4.4. Concluding Remarks 126 -- CHAPTER 5 -- COOPERATION AS A RESPONSE TO INTERNATIONALIZATION OF COMPETITION: BILATERAL AND REGIONAL OPTION -- 5.1. Bilateral Enforcement Cooperation Agreements 131 -- 5.1.1. First Generation (Soft) Cooperation Agreements 132 -- 5.1.2. Bilateral Agreements with Positive Comity Arrangements 137 -- 5.1.3. Cooperation Agreements between the US and the EU 138 -- 5.1.4. EU Efforts in First Generation Bilateral Cooperation Agreements 142 -- 5.1.5. Second Generation Cooperation Agreements 144 -- 5.1.6. Trend of the Millennium Years: -- Back to Soft Law through MOUs? 145 -- 5.2. Trade Agreements 146 -- 5.2.1. Bilateral Trade Agreements 148 -- 5.2.2. Regional Trade Agreements 149 -- 5.3. Concluding Remarks 155 -- CHAPTER 6 -- CONCLUSION: CONSENT TO CONVERGENCE AS A STRATEGY -- CONCLUSION: CONSENT TO CONVERGENCE AS A STRATEGY 156 -- REFERENCES 164 -- Appendix A -- CURRICULUM VITAE 183 -- Appendix B -- TURKISH SUMMARY 185 -- --