Part I. Rethink : Defining technology and technological progress : Defining technology ; The idea of technological progress ; The social dimensions of technology -- Technology justice: establishing the principle : Technology and environment ; Technology and human wellbeing ; A safe operating space for humanity ; Defining a principle of technology justice -- Technology justice and access to basic services : The light bulb: will it ever catch on? Access to energy services ; The tap: a technology whose time has finally come? ; Critical yet unavailable: access to essential medicines ; Technology justice and basic services -- Technology justice and access to knowledge : Feeding the world: smallholder farmers' need for better access to technical knowledge ; The digital divide ; Technology justice and the social foundation -- Technology justice and use : Justice as compromise ; Industrialized agriculture and biodiversity loss ; Energy security and climate change ; The misuse of antibiotics: turning the clock back for medicine ; Technology justice and use -- The governance of technology access and technology use: time for a rethink : Injustices in access to and use of technology ; A single unified problem -- Part II. Retool: driving innovation to develop the right technologies : The link between technological innovation and economic development : Justice as a fair space for innovation ; Understanding how innovation happens ; Innovation systems and developing economies -- Technology justice and innovation systems in practice : Justice and the management of risk in innovation ; Justice and the shaping of the purpose of innovation ; Driving sustainable pro-poor innovation: the need for change -- Intellectual property rights: part of the solution or part of the problem? : Why patent? ; Do patents encourage innovation? ; TRIPs, patents, and the negative impacts on developing countries ; Asymmetries of power ; Alternatives to the existing patent system ; Where next? -- Recognizing the role of the state in effective innovation systems : Venture capital and the valley of death in the energy sector ; Recognizing reality : governments engage in entrepreneurial activity ; Changing the narrative: rebalancing expectations of public and private-sector roles -- Beyond market forces: other drivers for innovation : Innovation for what? ; Innovation for whom? ; Innovation by whom? -- Making technology innovation work for people and planet: the need to retool -- Part III. Reboot: building a different approach to the governance of technology : Reimagining technology as if people and the planet mattered : The need to reboot our relationship with technology ; Rebooting access ; Rebooting use ; Rebooting innovation ; Changing the way technology is governed ; Technology as if people and planet mattered -- Epilogue : Is small beautiful? -- Appendices : 1. Failures to adhere to the precautionary principle -- 2. List of diseases defined as "neglected' in G-FINDER 2011 -- 3. Estimating the costs of true energy access. Responsibility: Simon Trace.