"This book addresses the question of how competition takes place in international manufacturing industries. There is a large catalog of literature about how large firms, oligopolists, compete in domestic markets and about how broadly competitive processes determine international trade. However, the intersection between these two areas is missing, and we know little about how oligopolists interact with each other across international boundaries. This book examines patterns of rivalry among firms from different countries across national boundaries and their influences on international trade and investment. Using various data on Japanese firms in manufacturing industries from the late 1950s through the early 2000s, the first part of this book presents a series of empirical analyses that examines effects of market structure on export pricing, linkages of domestic and foreign market structures on trade performance, and patterns of oligopolistic interactions among firms from different countries involved in exporting. The second part of this book deals with the impact of strategic interactions on foreign direct investment. In particular, this book examines bunching in foreign direct investment and strategic interactions in intra-industry cross-market foreign direct investment, and the effects of these actions and interactions on entry patterns and post entry performance."