Introduction / Joseph E. Stiglitz -- Innovation, technical change and patents in the development process : a long term view / Mario Cimoli, Giovanni Dosi, Roberto Mazzoleni, and Bhaven Sampat -- Lessons from the economics literature on the likely consequences of international harmonization of IPR protection / Adam B. Jaffe and Albert Guangzhou Hu -- Intellectual property in the twenty-first century : will the developing countries lead or follow? / Jerome H. Reichman -- Ethical incentives for innovation / Sarah Chan, John Sulston, and John Harris -- Is Bayh-Dole good for developing countries? lessons from the US experience / Anthony D. So, Bhaven N. Sampat, Arti K. Rai, Robert Cook-Deegan, Jerome H. Reichman, Robert Weissman, and Amy Kapczynski -- IPRs, public health, and the pharmaceutical industry : issues in the post-2005 TRIPS agenda / Benjamin Coriat and Luigi Orsenigo -- Innovation, appropriability, and productivity growth in agriculture : a broad historical viewpoint / Alessandro Nuvolari and Valentina Tartari -- The distributive impact of intellectual property regimes : report from the 'natural experiment' of the green revolution / Tim Swanson and Timo Goeschl -- Securing the global crop commons in support of agricultural innovation / Michael Halewood -- Mode of entry for emerging markets : an ex-ante and ex-post perspective of the open source development and management of biotechnology knowledge assets / Minna Allarakhia -- Intellectual property and alternatives : strategies for green innovations / Jerome H. Reichman, Arti K. Rai, Richard G. Newell, and Jonathan B. Wiener -- Economic and legal considerations for the international transfer of environmentally sound technologies / Keith E. Maskus and Ruth L. Okediji -- Multilateral agreements and policy opportunities / Carlos M. Correa -- Preferential trade agreements and intellectual property rights / Christopher Spennemann and Pedro Roffe -- Industrial policy and IPR : a knowledge governance approach / Leonardo Burlamaqui and Mario Cimoli -- Policy options and requirements for institutional reform / Joseph E. Stiglitz, Mario Cimoli, Giovanni Dosi, Keith E. Maskus, Ruth L. Okediji , and Jerome H. Reichman.