Contents: PART I REFORMULATION IN STRUCTURALIST PERSPECTIVE 1. Why Akamatsu's Original Theory needs Reformulation 2. The Classical Origins of Akamatsu's Ideas: A Missing Link to David Hume's 'Flying-manufacturers' Theory 3. The Ladder of Economic Development Revisited- and Elaborated 4. The Dynamics of MNC-impacted Comparative Advantage: Relevance to Ricardo's View on FDI and Samuelson's Scepticism about Globalization PART II HOME-GROWN MULTINATIONALS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF GROWTH 5. The Rise of Multinationals from Emerging Markets: East Asian Experiences 6. The Next Great Industrial Transmigration: Relocating China's Factories to Sub-Saharan Africa, Flying-geese Style? PART III FLYING-GEESE FORMATION AT A NEW CROSSROADS 7. Prospects for the Future of FG-style Growth Index.