Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Contents; Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgments; About the Author; Chapter 1 The Next Frontier; The Magnitude of the Problem; How Are We Doing?; Notes; Chapter 2 Trade-Based Money Laundering Techniques: Invoice Fraud; How Does TBML Work?; Invoice Fraud; Case Examples: Invoice Fraud and Manipulation; Case Study 1: False Invoicing Polypropylene Pellets; Case Study 2: Inflated Invoices and Terror Finance; Case Study 3: TBML and Export Incentives; Case Study 4: Vehicles, TBML, and Terror Finance; Case Study 5: TBML and Iranian Sanctions. Case Study 6: Teddy Bears Used to Launder Drug MoneyCase Study 7: Brazilian Paralelo; Case Study 8: South Korean Uses Invoice Fraud to Circumvent Iranian Sanctions; Cheat Sheet; Questions to Ask if a Shipment of Goods Looks Suspicious; Notes; Chapter 3 Black Market Peso Exchange; Background of the BMPE; A Typical BMPE Value Transfer Scheme; Expansion of the BMPE to Mexico and Venezuela; The China Connection; Cheat Sheet; Notes; Chapter 4 Hawala: An Alternative Remittance System; Definition of Hawala; The Hawala Transaction; How Do Hawaladars Make a Profit?; Countervaluation and Trade. An Abused Financial SystemHow to Recognize Hawala; Countermeasures; Case Examples: Hawala; Case 1: Manhattan Foreign Exchange; Case 2: Shidaal Express; Case 3: Health-Care Fraudsters Send Funds to Iran; Case 4: Somali Remittances; Case 5: Financial Intelligence Instrumental in Hawala Investigation; Cases 6 and 7: Examples of Hawala and Terror; Cheat Sheet; Notes; Chapter 5 Chinese Flying Money; An Ancient System; The Modern Era; How Does It Work?; Chinese Presence in Africa; Case Examples; Case 1: Fei-Chien and Hawala; Case 2: Underground Money Shops' Role in Drug Money Laundering. Case 3: Underground Banking and Immigrant SmugglingCase 4: Triads Use Underground Finance in Russia's Far East; Case 5: Used-Tire Trade Masks TBML and Trafficking in Endangered Wildlife; Case 6: Underground Banking Links Korea and China; Case 7: Chinese TBML in Poland; Cheat Sheet; Notes; Chapter 6 Misuse of the International Gold Trade; Why Gold Is so Popular with Money Launderers; Gold Has Been a Haven of Wealth Since Antiquity; Gold Is a Readily Acceptable Medium of Exchange Anywhere in the World. In Times of Uncertainty and Civil Strife, Gold Is Often More Reliable Than National CurrenciesGold Prices Are Fixed Daily in Markets Worldwide, and Gold's Value Is Relatively Constant Over Time; The Weight and Quality of Gold Can Be Assured; Gold Offers Easy Anonymity; Gold Is Generally Immune to Asset Freezes; There Is a Tremendous Demand for Gold in Various Cultures around the World; How Is Gold Manipulated to Launder Money and Transfer Value?; Depending on the Need, Gold Can Be Altered in Form; Gold Brokers Can "Layer" Transactions That Further Confuse the Paper Trail.