Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Brief Table of Contents; Table of Contents; Preface; The Student Experience; Teaching Tools; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; 1 Introduction to Criminal Investigation; What Is Criminal Investigation?; Early History; China, 12th Century; England, 13th Century; London, 1829; Law Enforcement Developments in England and in the United States; London; Chicago; CASE IN POINT: Tenacity; CASE IN POINT: Jack the Ripper; New York City; The Birth of Forensic Investigation; Forensic Investigation in the United States; The Growth of Forensic Science. Development of Crime LaboratoriesAdvancing Forensic Science; RIPPED FROM THE HEADLINES: Defunding Forensic Science Improvement; Fundamentals of Forensic Science; Parsimony; Specification; Scientific Method; Observation; Recording; Taxonomy; Analysis; CASE IN POINT: The Scientific Method at Work; Hypothesis; Theory; Inductive Reasoning; Deductive Reasoning; Criminal Investigation and the Scientific Method; Importance of Forensic Evidence; EXHIBIT 1.1: The Fifth and Sixth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution; Objectives of an Investigation. INVESTIGATOR'S NOTEBOOK: Definition of a Successful InvestigationInvestigator's Role; Selecting Investigators; RIPPED FROM THE HEADLINES What Does It Take to Become a Police Officer?; The Legal Team; EXHIBIT 1.2: The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution; Admissibility of Evidence; INVESTIGATOR'S NOTEBOOK: Proper In-Court Admission of Evidence; Conclusion; Questions for Review; References; 2 The Laws of Search and Seizure; The U.S. Constitution and Due Process; EXHIBIT 2.1: The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution; The Fourth Amendment; Expectation of Privacy. RIPPED FROM THE HEADLINES: Police Chief Says Housing Authority Is to Blame for Search ConfusionThe Fifth Amendment; The Sixth Amendment; CASE IN POINT: Pennsylvania v. Muniz, 1990; The Exclusionary Rule; History; Exceptions; CASE IN POINT: Mapp v. Ohio, 1961; The Inevitable Discovery Exception; The Good Faith Exception; CASE IN POINT: Nix v. Williams, 1984; INVESTIGATOR'S NOTEBOOK: Warrant Procedures; Search Warrants; EXHIBIT 2.2: Search Warrant; Warrantless Searches Based on Probable Cause; Search Incident to Arrest; CASE IN POINT: Chimel v. California, 1967. CASE IN POINT: United States v. Ross, 1982Warrantless Searches Based on Reasonableness; Consent Searches; EXHIBIT 2.3: Example of a Consent Search Form; CASE IN POINT: Florida v. Enio Jimeno, 1991; Emergency Searches; Exigent Circumstances Exception; INVESTIGATOR'S NOTEBOOK: Requirements for Plain-View Searches; Plain-View Searches; Open-Field Exception; CASE IN POINT: Oliver v. United States, 1984; Vehicle Inventories; Stop and Frisk; INVESTIGATOR'S NOTEBOOK: Frisk Criteria; Police Roadblocks and Sobriety Checkpoints; Drug Interdiction Checkpoints; Conclusion; Questions for Review; Reference.