ENERGY EFFICIENCY uses an applied scientific methodology and case studies to demonstrate and support: The need for the U.S. and the world to commit to energy and resource efficiency as the central goal in investing in electric, heat, and cooling infrastructure. The huge economic opportunity for using the inefficiency built into 20th century energy supply systems, especially, electric, to pay for the upgrades, replacements, and new production and distribution systems of the 21st century. The importance of adopting a standard, web-based energy infrastructure investment decision-making and risk management tool that will serve as a communication medium for all stakeholders to evaluate and compare energy infrastructure investment options and manage investment risks. Expansions of the U.S. ‘smart’ grid investment to include evaluation and risk management of energy systems infrastructure investments not just electricity operations. The need to adopt a ‘framework’ for utilities, energy service companies, and customers to work together to close business deals, communicate and manage risks, and realize profits.